Which OSI layer provides process-to-process communication?

The OSI layer that provides process-to-process communication is the Application layer, which is the seventh layer of the OSI model. This layer serves as the interface between the end-user applications and the underlying network layers. It ensures that applications on different devices can communicate with each other over the network.

The Application layer provides the necessary protocols and services that enable specific applications to perform functions such as sending emails, transferring files, or browsing the web. It is where user-level functionality takes place, allowing users to interact with the network services directly. Protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and others operate at this layer, facilitating the communication between processes on different hosts.

In contrast, the Transport layer, which is the fourth layer, is responsible for providing reliable or unreliable delivery and ensuring proper error recovery and flow control between hosts. While it deals with the delivery of messages, it does not manage user-level applications directly.

The Session layer (Layer 5) is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications, but it does not encompass the broader communication aspects that the Application layer covers.

The Presentation layer (Layer 6) is involved in data translation, encryption, and compression, and, while important, it does not handle process-to-process